2011年职称英语考试补全短文模拟练习试题及答案（5）
- 时间：2010-11-02 来源：环球网校 责任编辑：外语考试论坛
Einstein Named “Person of the Century”
Albert Einstein, whose theories on space time and matter helped unravel the secrets of the atom and of the universe, was chosen as “Person of the Century” by Time magazine on Sunday.
A man whose very name is synonymous with scientific genius, Einstein has come to represent more than any other person the flowering of 20th century scientific though that set the stage for the age of technology.
“The world has changed far more in the past 100 years than in any other century in history. The reason is not political or economic, but technological—technologies that flowed directly from advances in basic science,” wrote theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking in a Time essay explaining Einstein’s significance. _____ (1) _____.
Time chose as runner-up President Franklin Roosevelt1 to represent the triumph of freedom and democracy over fascism, and Mahatma Gandhi2 as an icon for a century when civil and human rights became crucial factors in global politics.
“What we saw was Franklin Roosevelt embodying the great theme of freedom’s fight against totalitarianism, Gandhi personifying the great theme of individuals struggling for their rights, and Einstein being both a great genius and a great symbol of a scientific revolution that brought with it amazing technological advances that helped expand the growth of freedom, ”said Time Magazine Editor Walter Isaacson.
Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany in 1879. _____ (2) _____. He was slow to learn to speak and did not do well in elementary school. He could not stomach organized learning and loathed taking exams3.
In 1905, however, he was to publish a theory which stands as one of the most intricate examples of human imagination in history. _____ (3) _____. Everything else—mass, weight, space, even time itself—is a variable. And he offered the world his now-famous equation: energy equals mass times the speed of light squared—E=mc2.
_____ (4) _____. “There was less faith in absolutes, not only of time and space but also of truth and morality. ”
Einstein’s famous equation was also the seed that led to the development of atomic energy and weapons. In 1939, six years after he fled European fascism and settled at Princeton University, Einstein, an avowed pacifist4, signed a letter to President Roosevelt urging the United States to develop an atomic bomb before Nazi Germany did. _____ (5) _____. Einstein did not work on the project.
Einstein died in Princeton, New Jersey in 1955.
词汇：
unravel [ʌn'rævəl] vt. 解开 personify [pə(:)'sɔnifai] vt. 象征，浮现
synonymous [si'nɔniməs] adj. 同义词 intricate ['intrikit] adj. 复杂的
runner-up 亚军，第二名 constant ['kɔnstənt] n. 常量
icon ['aɪkɔn] n. 象征；图符 variable ['vεəriəbl] n. 变量
totalitarianism [,təʊtælɪ`teərɪənɪzɚm] n. 极权主义
equation [i'kwei∫ən] n.等量
注释：
1. President Franklin Roosevelt ：美国第32任总统罗斯福 （1882-1945）
2. Mahatma Gandhi ：印度政治和精神翘楚、更始家甘地（1869-1948）
3. He could not stomach organized learning and loathed taking exams. ：他无法忍受一切都放置得死死的教学，厌恶考试。
4. avowed pacifist ：公开认可的和平主义者
操练：
A. “Indirectly, relativity paved the way for a new relativism in morality, art and politics,” Isaacson wrote in an essay explaining Time’s choices.
B. How he thought of the relativity theory influenced the general public's view about Albert Einstein.
C. “Clearly, no scientist better represents those advances than Albert Einstein.”
D. Roosevelt heeded the advice and formed the “Manhattan Project” that secretly developed the first atomic weapon.
E. In his early years, Einstein did not show the promise of what he was to become.
F. In his “Special Theory of Relativity,” Einstein described how the only constant in the universe is the speed of light.
谜底与题解：
1. C 本文首要讲爱因斯坦为20世纪人类科学作出的重猛进献。本段是理论物理学家史蒂芬·霍金在《时代》杂志上揭晓的一片评价爱因斯坦所做进献的文章中的几句话，他说世界在曩昔的100年发生的转变比以往任何一个世纪都年夜得多，其原因不在于政治或经济，而在于手艺----因为基本科学的前进而直接培育的新手艺者两句话并未说起爱因斯坦，是以此处选C最合适：“显然，没有一位科学家能比爱因斯坦更好地代表这些科学前进。”those 在此阐扬了跟尾浸染。
2. E 本段简要介绍爱因斯坦早年生平。E说：“爱因斯坦在小时辰并未显示日后会成为年夜科学家的任何先天。”后一句话现实上是对E的具体诠释。
3． F 本段首要介绍爱因斯坦提出的相对论。第一句话告诉我们1905年的时辰爱因斯坦揭晓一小我类历史上揭示出最具奇巧想象力的理论，第三、四句话是具体解晗о对论，F说：“在‘非凡相对论‘中，爱因斯坦描述了宇宙中为什么独一恒定的是光速。”由此看来F放在此处最合适，其中constant 和variable意思相反，组成词汇跟尾（lexical cohesion）。
4. A 本段是伊萨克森在《时代》杂志上的一篇文章中对相对论的深远意义所做的评述，他说：“相对论借居地位道德、艺术和政治规模中新相对主义的呈现摊平了道路。”后一句是对此的进一步诠释。
5. D 本段首要讲爱因斯坦与原子能和原子刀兵成长的关系。前一句告诉我们爱因斯坦1939年在一封信给罗斯福总统的催促美国抢在纳粹德国之前研制原枪弹的信上签了名。D说：“罗斯福对这项建议十分关注，遂拟定了奥秘制造第一颗原枪弹的‘曼哈顿打算’。”后一句说爱因斯坦未介入这项打算，其中 the project 指的就是 the “Manhattan Project”。
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